what year did rosa parks go to jail

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Rosa Parks (1913—2005) helped initiate the civil rights movement in the United States when she refused to requite up her seat to a white man on a Montgomery, Alabama bus in 1955. Her deportment inspired the leaders of the local Black customs to organize the Montgomery Bus Boycott. Led by a young Rev. Dr. Martin Luther Male monarch Jr., the boycott lasted more than than a year—during which Parks non coincidentally lost her job—and ended only when the U.S. Supreme Court ruled that double-decker segregation was unconstitutional. Over the next half-century, Parks became a nationally recognized symbol of nobility and force in the struggle to end entrenched racial segregation.

WATCH: Rosa Parks: Mother of a Movement on HISTORY Vault

Rosa Parks' Early on Life

Rosa Louise McCauley was born in Tuskegee, Alabama, on February 4, 1913. She moved with her parents, James and Leona McCauley, to Pino Level, Alabama, at historic period two to reside with Leona's parents. Her brother, Sylvester, was born in 1915, and soon after that her parents separated.

Rosa'south female parent was a instructor, and the family valued education. Rosa moved to Montgomery, Alabama, at age 11 and eventually attended loftier school at that place, a laboratory school at the Alabama Land Teachers' College for Negroes. She left at 16, early in 11th form, because she needed to intendance for her dying grandmother and, shortly thereafter, her chronically sick mother. In 1932, at 19, she married Raymond Parks, a self-educated human being 10 years her senior who worked as a barber and was a long-time member of the National Association for the Advocacy of Colored People (NAACP). He supported Rosa in her efforts to earn her high-schoolhouse diploma, which she ultimately did the following year.

READ MORE: Earlier the Bus, Rosa Parks Was a Sexual Assault Investigator

Rosa Parks: Roots of Activism

Raymond and Rosa, who worked every bit a seamstress, became respected members of Montgomery'south large African American community. Co-existing with white people in a metropolis governed by "Jim Crow" (segregation) laws, notwithstanding, was fraught with daily frustrations: Blackness people could attend only sure (inferior) schools, could drink only from specified water fountains and could borrow books simply from the "Blackness" library, among other restrictions.

Although Raymond had previously discouraged her out of fearfulness for her safety, in Dec 1943, Rosa likewise joined the Montgomery chapter of the NAACP and became chapter secretary. She worked closely with chapter president Edgar Daniel (E.D.) Nixon. Nixon was a railroad porter known in the city as an advocate for Blackness people who wanted to annals to vote, and also as president of the local co-operative of the Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters union.

December 1, 1955: Rosa Parks Is Arrested

On Thursday, Dec 1, 1955, the 42-yr-erstwhile Rosa Parks was commuting domicile from a long day of work at the Montgomery Fair section shop by bus. Black residents of Montgomery often avoided municipal buses if possible because they found the Negroes-in-back policy so demeaning. All the same, 70 percent or more riders on a typical day were Black, and on this day Rosa Parks was one of them.

Segregation was written into law; the front of a Montgomery bus was reserved for white citizens, and the seats behind them for Black citizens. However, it was merely by custom that bus drivers had the authority to ask a Blackness person to give up a seat for a white rider. At that place were contradictory Montgomery laws on the books: 1 said segregation must be enforced, merely another, largely ignored, said no person (white or Black) could exist asked to requite upwards a seat fifty-fifty if there were no other seat on the omnibus bachelor.

Roll to Proceed

All the same, at one point on the road, a white man had no seat because all the seats in the designated "white" department were taken. And then the driver told the riders in the four seats of the kickoff row of the "colored" section to stand, in effect adding some other row to the "white" section. The 3 others obeyed. Parks did not.

"People ever say that I didn't give up my seat considering I was tired," wrote Parks in her autobiography, "only that isn't true. I was not tired physically… No, the only tired I was, was tired of giving in."

Eventually, 2 police officers approached the stopped bus, assessed the situation and placed Parks in custody.

READ MORE: The MLK Graphic Novel That Inspired Generations of Civil Rights Activists

Rosa Parks and the Montgomery Bus Boycott

Although Parks used her one phone telephone call to contact her husband, word of her abort had spread quickly and East.D. Nixon was at that place when Parks was released on bond later that evening. Nixon had hoped for years to notice a mettlesome Black person of unquestioned honesty and integrity to get the plaintiff in a case that might become the test of the validity of segregation laws. Sitting in Parks' habitation, Nixon convinced Parks—and her husband and mother—that Parks was that plaintiff. Another idea arose equally well: The Black population of Montgomery would boycott the buses on the solar day of Parks' trial, Monday, December five. By midnight, 35,000 flyers were being mimeographed to be sent home with Black schoolchildren, informing their parents of the planned boycott.

On December 5, Parks was found guilty of violating segregation laws, given a suspended sentence and fined $x plus $4 in court costs. Meanwhile, Black participation in the boycott was much larger than even optimists in the community had anticipated. Nixon and some ministers decided to take advantage of the momentum, forming the Montgomery Improvement Association (MIA) to manage the boycott, and they elected Reverend Dr. Martin Luther Male monarch Jr.–new to Montgomery and just 26 years sometime—every bit the MIA's president.

Every bit appeals and related lawsuits wended their way through the courts, all the way up to the U.S. Supreme Court, the Montgomery Double-decker Boycott engendered anger in much of Montgomery's white population as well as some violence, and Nixon'southward and Dr. King'due south homes were bombed. The violence didn't deter the boycotters or their leaders, however, and the drama in Montgomery continued to gain attending from the national and international press.

On November thirteen, 1956, the Supreme Court ruled that autobus segregation was unconstitutional; the boycott ended December 20, a mean solar day after the Court's written order arrived in Montgomery. Parks—who had lost her task and experienced harassment all twelvemonth—became known as "the mother of the ceremonious rights movement."

READ More: Rosa Parks' Life Afterward the Bus Was No Easy Ride

Rosa Parks'south Life Later the Boycott

Facing connected harassment and threats in the wake of the boycott, Parks, forth with her husband and mother, eventually decided to motility to Detroit, where Parks' blood brother resided. Parks became an administrative aide in the Detroit function of Congressman John Conyers Jr. in 1965, a postal service she held until her 1988 retirement. Her hubby, brother and mother all died of cancer between 1977 and 1979. In 1987, she co-founded the Rosa and Raymond Parks Institute for Self-Development, to serve Detroit's youth.

In the years following her retirement, she traveled to lend her support to ceremonious-rights events and causes and wrote an autobiography, "Rosa Parks: My Story." In 1999, Parks was awarded the Congressional Gold Medal, the highest honour the United States bestows on a civilian. (Other recipients have included George Washington, Thomas Edison, Betty Ford and Mother Teresa.) When she died at historic period 92 on October 24, 2005, she became the first woman in the nation's history to prevarication in honor at the U.S. Capitol.